Non-inductive wire configurations



July 5, 1966 s, VOGEL 3,259,784

NON-INDUCTIVE WIRE CONFIGURATIONS Filed Deo 23, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 i i s fly. 5b

1 INVENTOR. SIEGFR/ED E VOGEL 54 I. 5 BY H m M AT TORNE YS July 5, 1966 s. F. VOGEL 3,259,734

NONINDUCTIVE WIRE CONFIGURATIONS Filed Dec- 35, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. S/EGFR/ED E VOGEL AT TORNE Y5 United States Patent C) 3,259,784 NON-INDUCTIVE WIRE CONFIGURATIONS Siegfried F. Vogel, Belmont, Califl, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Varian Associates, a corporation of California Filed Dec. 23, 1963, Ser. No. 332,685 13 Claims. (U. 313342) This invention relates generally to non-inductive wire configurations and more specifically to non-inductive heaters for use in heating electron emitting cathodes.

Conventional non-inductive wire configurations, formed as either a circuit element, such as a resistor, or as a heater for a cathode of an electron tube, are used to minimize magnetic fields which are always created when current is passed through a wire. Each segment of wire sets up its own magnetic field when current is applied thereto and the magnetic field set up by a number of segments of wire are reduced in a conventional noninductive wire configuration by having oppositely directed magnetic fields set up in the adjacent segments of wire which tend to cancel out the magnetic field of each wire segment.

Nevertheless, standard or conventional non-inductive wire configurations, which usually had a double spiral single layer arrangement, still exhibited a magnetic field totaling about one gauss.

In certain circuit and in certain cathode heater applications, a magnetic field as low as one gauss provided by conventional non-inductive wire configurations cannot be tolerated because of its elfects on circuit elements or electrons emitted from the cathode.

In electron tubes having cathodes heated by standard non-inductive wire heaters, a magnetic field as low as one gauss causes emitted electrons to be deflected because of the magnetic field lines. The electron current is modula-ted at the same frequency as the frequency of the current applied to the heater and hence, the resultant radio frequency output is similarly modulated. In addition,

; interference or grid interception effects in power grid tubes due to electron modulation by the magnetic field of the heater result in lowering tube efiiciency.

Klystrons, as well as other electron beam type tubes, depend a great deal upon well defined electron beams.

Y Conseqeuntly, irregularities in an electron beam caused by the effects of the magnetic fields of a heater Wire located adjacent the cathode reduces the energy exchange efficiency and hinders beam transmission through the tube.

Scalloping of the electron beam and changes in the velocity of portions of the electron beam are other effects created by the presence of a small magnetic field in the vicinity of the'cathode.

One solution to this problem is to position the cathode heater at a distance from the cathode so that the magnetic field would not extend into the electron emitting portion of the cathode. This solution reduces the effectiveness of the heater and hence, reduces the efficiency of the tube.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved non-inductive wire configuration.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved non-inductive heater for use in an electron tube.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a non-inductive circuit element.

It is another object of this invention to provide a non-inductive resistor.

.It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved cathode-heater package.

It is another object of this invention to .provide a method for forming the improved non-inductive wire configuration of this invention.

Briefly described, this invention relates to a non-inductive wire configuration having a plural layer wire arrange- 3,259,784 Patented July 5, 1966 ice a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire. Furthermore, each wire section in each layer of wire has a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire.

The nature of the invention will be more clearly understood from the following description given with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing:

FIGURE 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the improved non-inductive wire configuration of this invention;

FIGURE 2 is a side view of the non-inductive wire configuration of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of the non-inductive wire configuration of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cathode-heater package incorporating the improved non-inductive heater of this invention;

FIGURES 5a, 5b, and 5c are perspective views of the steps for making the improved non-inductive wire configuration of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 6 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of this invention; and

FIGURE 7 is a partial sectional view of the embodiment of FIGURE 6.

Referring to FIGURES 1, 2 and 3, a two layer, double spiral, non-inductive wire configuration 10 is shown. The non-inductive wire configuration 10 has a first non-inductive wound wire layer 12 and a second non-inductive wound wire layer 14 located adjacent to the first noninductive wound wire layer 12. Wire layers 12 and 14 are, preferably, wound from a single continuous wire. The non-inductive wound wire layer 14 is a double spiral wound wire 16 having adjacent segments or sections of the wire 16 in opposite current carrying direction with respect to each other. Similarly, the non-inductive Wound wire layer 12 is a double spiral wound wire 18 having adjacent segments or sections of the wire 18 in opposite current carrying direction with respect to each other.

Referring to FIGURE 3, the current carrying directions of adjacent sections of the wire 16 of the second noninductive wound wire layer 14 and the current carrying directions of adjacent sections of the wire 18 of the first non-inductive wound wire layer 12- are shown. The blackened cross-sectional ends of alternate sections of the wire 16 and 18 indicate the current to be moving in one direction and the open cross-sectional ends of the adjacent sections in wire 16 and 18 indicate the current to be flowing in the opposite direction. This view clearly shows the non-inductive relationship between each of the adjacent sections of wire 16 and 18 and the noninductive relationship between adjacent sections of Wire in layers 12 and 14. This arrangement provides a three dimensional non-inductive wire configuration. For maximum elfectiveness, each of .the sections of wire 16 in wire layer 14 is lined up directly behind the adjacent sections of wire 18 in the adjacent layer of wire 12. A non-inductive wire configuration wound in accordance with the arrangement shown in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 exhibited a magnetic field of less than 0.1 gauss during the application of a 60 cycle per second alternating current thereto.

Leads 17 and 1'9'are provided for wire layers 14 and 12, respectively. If desired, leads 17 and 19 can be provided in the center of the non-inductive wire configuration 10 instead of on the outside as shown in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3.

Non-inductive wire configurations having even numbered non-inductive layers of wire greater than two can also be used in accordance with this invention.

Non-inductive wire configurations are shown in FIG- URES 1, 2 and 3 and are useful as either a circuit element, such as a resistor, or as a heater for a cathode of an electron tube.

FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of the improved non-inductive wire configuration 10 as a heater wire made of a metal, such-as tungsten, located in a cathode-heater package 20 for use in a beam type electron tube, such as a klyston. The cathode-heater package 20 comprises a concave cathode element 22 and a cylindrical metal support 24, which is connected to the peripheral end surface of the concave cathode element 22. The cathode element 22 is shown to be adjacent the non-inductive heater element 10 so as to permit the cathode element 22 to be radiantly heated. The non-inductive heater element 10 can be placed in contact with the cathode element 22 so as to also conductively heat the cathode 22, When current is applied to the non-inductive heater element 10 through leads 17 and .19, the cathode element 22 is heated and emits electrons from cathode surface 26 which contains electron emitting material. If desired, the noninductive heater 10 can be formed in a curved configuration corresponding :to the concave cathode 22 with each layer of wire lying on a curved surface parallel to the curved surface of the adjacent layer of wire. One example of a non-inductive heater 10 made in accordance Withthis invention used a 36 mil diameter wire.

In FIGURES a, 5b, and 5c, the method of making the improved non-inductive wire configuration of FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 of this invention is shown. A long single wire 50 (FIGURE 5a) is bent in :half (FIGURE 5b) providing a closed end portion 52 and an open end portion 54. The bent wire is placed between two parallel extended elements 56 and 58 and the closed end portion 52 of the wire 50 is turned in a counterclockwise direction and the open end portion 54 of the wire 50 is turned in the same counterclockwise direction about elongated elements 58 and 56, respectively. The direction that both the closed and open end portions of the wire 50 are turned is irrelevant and they both can be turned either clockwise or counterclockwise. The wire 50 is thus wound into the non-inductive wire configuration of FIGURES 1 through FIGURES 6 and 7 refer to another embodiment of this invention wherein a cylindrical non-inductive wire configuration is provided in accordance with this invention. Leads 60 and 62 for a first layer of wire 64 are shown in FIGURES 6 and 7 to be located on the inside of a second layer of wire 66. Such an arrangement is not critical and the leads 60 and 62 can be part of an outside layer of wire which would then position loop 68 as part of the inside layer of wire.

FIGURE 7 illustrates in cross-section the direction of current flow of adjacent sections of wire in each of the wire layers 64 and 66. The blackened cross-sectional ends of certain sections of wire in each of the wire layers 64 and 66 indicate current flow to be in one direction and the open cross-sectional ends of adjacent sections of wire in each of the wire layers 64 and 66 indicate current flow to be in the opposite direction. Hence, a three dimensional non-inductive wire cylindrical configuration is prowhose diameter is different than the diameter of the first cylindrical element. Accordingly, the first and second layers of wire are concentrically disposed with respect to each other.

Further modifications will occur to those skilled in the art and all such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising a combination, a plural layer Wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of Wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire.

2. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current fiow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of Wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration.-

3. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of a single continuous Wire.

4. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable to the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of Wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent Wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of Wire having a'current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of Wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of a single continuous wire, each of said wire sections in each layer of wire being lined up directly behind the adjacent Wire section in said adjacent layer of wire.

5. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of Wire sections in each layer of Wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wirearrangement consisting of a single continuous wire, each of said wire sections in each layer of wire being lined up directly behind the adjacent wire section in said adjacent layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement lying in a plane parallel to the plane of the adjacent layer of wire.

6. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current fiow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of'the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of a single continuous wire, each of said wire sections in each layer of wire being lined up directly behind the adjacent wire section in said adjacent layer of wire, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of two layers of wire.

7. A non-inductive heater adaptable for the passage of a heater current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer Wire arrangement having a plurality of Wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction 7 of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path oposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent Wire sections in the same layer of wire.

8. A non-inductive circuit element adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of Wire sections in each layer of Wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire,

9. A non-inductive resistor adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of Wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire.

10. A non-inductive wire configuration adaptable for the passage of a current therethrough comprising in combination, a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of Wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent Wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire having a cylindrical configuration and being concentrically disposed with respect to the adjacent layer of wire.

11. A cathode-heater package comprising, in combination, a cathode having an electron emitting surface, a support for said cathode, and a non-inductive heater mounted adjacent said cathode, said non-inductive heater comprising a plural layer Wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plu rality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire.

12. A cathode-heater package comprising, in combination, a cathode having an electron emitting surface, a support for said cathode, and a non-inductive heater mounted adjacent said cathode, said non-inductive heater comprising a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of Wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the direction of the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of a single continuous Wire, each of said Wire sections in each layer of wire being lined up directly behind the adjacent wire section in each adjacent layer of wire, and each of said layers of Wire of said plural layer wire arrangement lying in a plane parallel to the plane of the adjacent layer of wire.

13. A cathode-heater package comprising, in combination, a cathode having an electron emitting surface,

va support for said cathode, and a non-inductive heater mounted adjacent said cathode, said non-inductive heater comprising a plural layer wire arrangement having a plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the current flow path in the adjacent wire section in the adjacent layer of Wire, each one of said plurality of wire sections in each layer of wire having a current flow path opposite in direction to the directions of the current flow paths of the adjacent wire sections in the same layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement having a spiral configuration, said plural layer wire arrangement consisting of a single continuous Wire, each of said wire sections in each layer of wire being lined up directly behind the adjacent Wire section in said adjacent layer of wire, each of said layers of wire of said plural layer wire arrangement lying on a curved surface parallel to the curved surface of the adjacent layer of wire.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 443,256 12/1890 Logan 153-64 786,257 4/1905 Beebe 29--25.18 1,402,889 1/ 1922 Potstada 3 13342 2,396,949 3 1946 Harries 313342 2,516,930 8/1950 Varian 2925.18 2,731,541 1/1956 Houdry et al 338297 X 2,905,852 9/19159 Robertson 313342 X JOHN W. HUCKERT, Primary Examiner. DAVID J. GALVIN, Examiner. A. J. JAMES, Assistant Examiner. i 

12. A CATHODE-HEATER PACKAGE COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A CATHODE HAVING AN ELECTRON EMITTING SURFACE, A SUPPORT FOR SAID CATHODE, AND A NON-INDUCTIVE HEATER MOUNTED ADJACENT SAID CATHODE, SAID NON-INDUCTIVE HEATER COMPRISING A PLURAL LAYER WIRE ARRANGEMENT HAVING A PLURALITY OF WIRE SECTIONS IN EACH LAYER OF WIRE, EACH ONE OF SAID PLURALITY OF WIRE SECTIONS IN EACH LAYER OF WIRE HAVING A CURRENT FLOW PATH OPPOSITE IN DIRECTION TO THE DIRECTION OF THE CURRENT FLOW PATH IN THE ADJACENT WIRE SECTION IN THE ADJACENT LAYER OF WIRE, EACH ONE OF SAID PLURALITY OF WIRE SECTIONS IN EACH LAYER OF WIRE HAVING A CURRENT FLOW PATH OPPOSITE IN DIRECTION TO THE DIRECTIONS OF THE CURRENT FLOW PATHS OF THE ADJACENT WIRE OF SAID THE SAME LAYER OF WIRE, EACH OF SAID LAYERS OF WIRE OF SAID PLURAL LAYER WIRE ARRANGEMENT HAVING A SPIRAL CONFIGURATION, SAID PLURAL LAYER WIRE ARRANGEMENT CONSISTING OF A SINGLE CONTINUOUS WIRE, EACH OF SAID WIRE SECTIONS IN EACH LAYER OF WIRE BEING LINED UP DIRECTLY BEHIND THE ADJACENT WIRE SECTION IN EACH ADJACENT LAYER OF WIRE, AND EACH OF SAID LAYERS OF WIRE OF SAID PLURAL LAYER WIRE ARRANGEMENT LYING IN A PLANE PARALLEL TO THE PLANE OF THE ADJACENT LAYER OF WIRE. 